Hyperprolactinemia is defined as a condition of elevated levels of prolactin (PRL) hormone in the blood. The PRL hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and is responsible for breast development and lactation. Many factors contribute to the development of hyperprolactinemia. The most common cause is PRL-secreting pituitary adenomas (prolactinomas). Diagnosis is achieved through hormonal testing to rule out other endocrine conditions and confirmatory imaging tests. Dopamine agonists are the 1st-line drugs for treatment. Refractory cases require surgery and possibly radiation therapy.
Last updated: Jan 28, 2026
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